{"id":295,"date":"2022-02-17T09:36:17","date_gmt":"2022-02-17T09:36:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/?page_id=295"},"modified":"2022-03-01T16:01:21","modified_gmt":"2022-03-01T16:01:21","slug":"scientific-review-articles","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/?page_id=295","title":{"rendered":"Scientific Review Articles"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;6%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;6%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; 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column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221;][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;padding-2-percent&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;left-right&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; centered_text=&#8221;true&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; enable_animation=&#8221;true&#8221; animation=&#8221;fade-in&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_gradient_text heading_tag=&#8221;h5&#8243; color=&#8221;extra-color-gradient-2&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;horizontal&#8221; text=&#8221;What we find changes who we become&#8221; margin_bottom=&#8221;10&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Find Out More About Lewy Body Disease&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:h2|font_size:52|text_align:center|color:%23ba55a8|line_height:52px&#8221; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeInUp&#8221;][divider line_type=&#8221;No Line&#8221; custom_height=&#8221;10&#8243;][nectar_btn size=&#8221;large&#8221; button_style=&#8221;regular&#8221; button_color_2=&#8221;Extra-Color-1&#8243; solid_text_color_override=&#8221;#ffffff&#8221; icon_family=&#8221;default_arrow&#8221; url=&#8221;#&#8221; text=&#8221;Donate&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;zoomIn&#8221; margin_top=&#8221;30&#8243;][vc_custom_heading text=&#8221;Scientific Review Articles&#8221; font_container=&#8221;tag:p|text_align:center|color:%23ba55a8&#8243; use_theme_fonts=&#8221;yes&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;fadeInUp&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1645092768173{margin-top: 10px !important;margin-bottom: 10px !important;}&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;Despite being the second most common form of dementia, dementia with Lewy Bodies receives little attention compared to Alzheimer\u2019s disease and patients are too often misdiagnosed. This article highlights progress that has been made in the last decade in terms of diagnostic biomarkers, symptomology, underlying causes, pathogenesis and treatment of Lewy Body Dementia as well as issues that need to be addressed to improve understanding, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Walker, Z., et al. (2015) Lewy Body Dementias.  Lancet (London, England), 386(10004), 1683-1697.&#8221; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC5792067\/&#8221; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;While the prognosis and symptoms of Lewy Body Dementia vary greatly among individuals, there is a high disease burden on both the healthcare system and caregivers. This review article evaluates the available data regarding prognostic markers, hospitalisation of patients, costs as well as quality of life with Lewy Body Dementia and offers recommendations for physicians and carers to improve in each area.&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Mueller, C., et al. (2017) The Prognosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Lancet Neurology, 16(5), 390-398&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/reader\/80726028?utm_source=linkout&#8221; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;Patients with Lewy Body Dementia present with a range of symptoms that affect things like memory, sleep, movement and autonomic functions. As the symptoms can be so diverse, management of this disease can be difficult as a treatment for one symptom may worsen another. This article analyses the most recent clinical evidence for pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies for each symptom of Lewy Body Disease and suggest ways of improving treatment strategies in the future.&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Taylor, J.P., et al. (2020) New Evidence on the Management of Lewy Body Dementia, The Lancet. Neurology, 19(2), 157-169&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC7017451\/&#8221; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;The purpose of this review is to highlight the various neuroimaging techniques that can be used to diagnose and monitor the progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease, as well as which biomarkers are most relevant to particular stages of the disease.&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Mitchell, T., et al. (2021) Emerging Neuroimaging Biomarkers Across Disease Stage in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Review. JAMA Neurology, 78(10), 1262-1272&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/journals\/jamaneurology\/article-abstract\/2783662&#8243; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;Parkinson\u2019s Disease is typically characterised by movement related symptoms however, non-motor related symptoms can also occur. These include memory deficits and hallucinations. This review article describes the risk factors and underlying mechanisms of cognitive decline in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients, as well as diagnosis, screening, prevention and management of these symptoms&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Aarsland, D., et al. (2021) Parkinson\u2019s Disease Associated Cognitive impairment. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 7, 47&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41572-021-00280-3&#8243; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;In Lewy Body Disease, a protein called \u03b1-synuclein becomes misfolded and begins to clump together and form Lewy bodies that then cause destruction to local brain cells. This review highlights the underlying biology of \u03b1-synuclein and what functions it has under normal physiological circumstances as well as how the dysfunction of this protein can contribute to cell death. Finally, this article reviews the risk factors and reasons why \u03b1-synuclein may misfold and outlines the future research that is required to fully understand the role of this protein in Lewy Body Disease and other neurodegenerative disorders.&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Wong, Y.C. &#038; Krainc, D. (2017) \u03b1-Synuclein Toxicity in Neurodegeneration: Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategies. Nature Medicine, 23(2), 1-13&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC8480197\/&#8221; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;Lewy bodies primarily consist of a misfolded form of the \u03b1-synuclein protein, which can have various structure; monomers, oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils which can aggregate together. This review summarises the role of the \u03b1-synuclein in health and the effect of the various structural differences in disease. The authors also present various theories and evidence about how \u03b1-synuclein contributes to disease pathology in Lewy Body disease and also discuss how \u03b1-synuclein may be targeted therapeutically.&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Lashuel, H.A., et al. (2013) The Many Faces of \u03b1-Synuclein: From Structure and Toxicity to Therapeutic Target. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 14(1), 38-48&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC4295774\/&#8221; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;Astrocytes are known as support cells in the brain as they play an important role in maintaining the proper functioning of neurons by supporting their metabolism and preventing toxicity, for example. Therefore, astrocyte dysfunction has detrimental effects on neurons and it is suggested that this may be a contributing factor to Parkinson\u2019s disease onset. This review article highlights key pieces of evidence that suggest a crucial role for astrocytes in pathophysiology of Parkinson\u2019s disease and \u03b1-synuclein aggregation&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Booth, H.D.E., et al. (2017) The Role of Astrocyte Dysfunction in Parkinson\u2019s Disease Pathogenesis. Trends in Neuroscience, 40(6), 358-370&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.cell.com\/trends\/neurosciences\/fulltext\/S0166-2236(17)30068-1&#8243; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=&#8221;in_container&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; column_link_target=&#8221;_self&#8221; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; width=&#8221;1\/1&#8243; tablet_width_inherit=&#8221;default&#8221; tablet_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; phone_text_alignment=&#8221;default&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; border_type=&#8221;simple&#8221; column_border_width=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_style=&#8221;solid&#8221;][nectar_horizontal_list_item columns=&#8221;2&#8243; column_layout_using_2_columns=&#8221;even&#8221; col_1_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_2_text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; col_1_text_element=&#8221;p&#8221; col_2_text_element=&#8221;h4&#8243; font_family=&#8221;p&#8221; open_new_tab=&#8221;true&#8221; hover_effect=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_color=&#8221;extra-color-1&#8243; icon_family=&#8221;fontawesome&#8221; icon_size=&#8221;regular&#8221; col_1_content=&#8221;This review article describes many characteristics of the \u03b1-synuclein protein in Lewy Body Disease; its abnormal localisation, structure and conformation, ability to aggregate, post-translational modifications, secretions, interactome and so on. In vitro and in vivo tools for studying \u03b1-synuclein are also discussed as well as its clinical relevance as a disease biomarker. For each section, the authors clearly present what is currently known about each topic and where the gaps in the knowledge lay, which makes this article a useful resource for Lewy Body researchers&#8221; col_2_content=&#8221;Oliveira, L., et al. (2021) Alpha-Synuclein Research: Defining Strategic Moves in the Battle against Parkinson\u2019s Disease. NPJ Parkinson\u2019s Disease, 7(1), 65&#8243; url=&#8221;https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41531-021-00203-9&#8243; icon_fontawesome=&#8221;fa fa-book&#8221;][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row type=&#8221;full_width_background&#8221; full_screen_row_position=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_margin=&#8221;default&#8221; equal_height=&#8221;yes&#8221; content_placement=&#8221;middle&#8221; column_direction=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_tablet=&#8221;default&#8221; column_direction_phone=&#8221;default&#8221; scene_position=&#8221;center&#8221; top_padding=&#8221;6%&#8221; bottom_padding=&#8221;6%&#8221; text_color=&#8221;dark&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; row_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221; row_border_radius_applies=&#8221;bg&#8221; overlay_strength=&#8221;0.3&#8243; gradient_direction=&#8221;left_to_right&#8221; shape_divider_position=&#8221;bottom&#8221; bg_image_animation=&#8221;none&#8221; shape_type=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column column_padding=&#8221;no-extra-padding&#8221; column_padding_tablet=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_phone=&#8221;inherit&#8221; column_padding_position=&#8221;all&#8221; column_element_spacing=&#8221;default&#8221; background_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; background_hover_color_opacity=&#8221;1&#8243; column_shadow=&#8221;none&#8221; column_border_radius=&#8221;none&#8221;&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-295","page","type-page","status-publish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/295","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=295"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/295\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":329,"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/295\/revisions\/329"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lewybodyireland.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=295"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}